Paragraphs

Paragraph

=Writing paragraphs =

Signalling
It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how various parts of the paragraph are connected. These connections can be made explicit by the use of different signalling words. For example, if you want to tell your reader that your line of argument is going to change, make it clear. > The Bristol 167 was to be Britain's great new advance on American types such as the Lockheed Constellation and Douglas DC-6, which did not have the range to fly the Atlantic non-stop. It was also to be the largest aircraft ever built in Britain. However, even by the end of the war, the design had run into serious difficulties. If you think that one sentence gives reasons for something in another sentence, make it explicit. > While an earlier generation of writers had noted this feature of the period, it was not until the recent work of Cairncross that the significance of this outflow was realized. Partly this was because the current account deficit appears much smaller in current (1980s) data than it was thought to be by contemporaries. If you think two ideas are almost the same, say so. > Marx referred throughout his work to other systems than the capitalist system, especially those which he knew from the history of Europe to have preceded capitalism; systems such as feudalism, where the relation of production was characterized by the personal relation of the feudal lord and his serf and a relation of subordination which came from the lord's control of the land. Similarly, Marx was interested in slavery and in the classical Indian and Chinese social systems, or in those systems where the ties of local community are all important. If you intend your sentence to give extra information, make it clear. > He is born into a family, he marries into a family, and he becomes the husband and father of his own family. In addition, he has a definite place of origin and more relatives than he knows what to do with, and he receives a rudimentary education at the Canadian Mission School. If you are giving examples, do it explicitly. > This has sometimes led to disputes between religious and secular clergy, between orders and bishops. For example, in the Northern context, the previous bishop of Down and Connor, Dr Philbin, refused for most of his period of leadership in Belfast to have Jesuits visiting or residing in his diocese.

1. Time/order
 at first, eventually, finally, first, firstly, in the end, in the first place, in the second place, lastly, later, next, second, secondly, to begin with

2. Comparison/similar ideas
 in comparison, in the same way, similarly

3. Contrast/opposite ideas
 <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">but, despite, in spite of, even so, however, in contrast, in spite of this, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, whereas, yet

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">4. Cause and effect
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, because, because of this, consequently, for this reason, hence, in consequence, in order to, owing to this, since, so, so that, therefore, thus

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">5. Examples
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">6 Generalisation
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">as a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, normally, on the whole, in most cases, usually

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">7. Stating the obvious
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">after all, as one might expect, clearly, it goes without saying, naturally, obviously, of course, surely

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">8. Attitude
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">admittedly, certainly, fortunately, luckily, oddly enough, strangely enough, undoubtedly, unfortunately

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">9. Summary/conclusion
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short, overall, so, then, to conclude, to sum up

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">10. Explanation/equivalence
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">in other words, namely, or rather, that is to say, this means, to be more precise, to put it another way

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">11. Addition
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">apart from this, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, nor, not only...but also, too, what is more

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">12. Condition
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">in that case, then

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">13. Support
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">actually, as a matter of fact, in fact, indeed

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">14. Contradiction
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">actually, as a matter of fact, in fact

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">15. Emphasis
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">chiefly, especially, in detail, in particular, mainly, notably, particularly <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> [|^]

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">1. Time/order
> At first <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> At first the freemen of both town and country had an organization and a type of property which still retained something of the communal as well as something of the private, but in the town a radical transformation was taking place. > Eventually <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Eventually the group did manage to buy some land in a village not far from London, but the project had to be abandoned when the villagers zoned their land against agricultural use. > Finally <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Finally, there have been numerous women altogether outside the profession, who were reformers dedicated to creating alternatives. > First <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> First I went to see the editor of the Dispatch. > Firstly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">There are two reasons. Firstly I have no evidence whatever that the original document has been destroyed. > In the end <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> In the end, several firms undertook penicillin production on a massive scale, but hardly any ever came to Florey himself for the clinical trials which he was desperate to extend. > In the first place/in the second place <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">If we try to analyse the conception of possession, we find two elements. In the first place, it involves some actual power of control over the thing possessed. In the second place, it involves some intention to maintain that control on the part of the possessor. > Lastly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Lastly, we may notice that even a wrongful possession, if continued for a certain length of time, matures into what may be, for practical purposes, indistinguishable from ownership. > Later <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Later she went up to the office. > Next <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Next, I'd like to show you some pictures. > Second <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">And second, this kind of policy does not help to create jobs. > Secondly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He was first of all an absolute idiot, and secondly he was pretty dishonest. > To begin with <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> To begin with, the ratio between attackers and defenders was roughly the same.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">2. Comparison
> In comparison <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The vast majority of social encounters are, in comparison, mild and muted affairs. > In the same way <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Every baby's face is different from every other's. In the same way, every baby's pattern of development is different from every other's. > Similarly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">You should notify any change of address to the Bonds and Stock Office. Similarly, savings certificates should be re-registered with the Post Office.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">3. Contrast
> But <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">In 1950 oil supplied only about 10% of our total energy consumption; but now it's up to about 40% and still rising. > Despite <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Despite the difference in their ages they were close friends. > Even so <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">This could lead you up some blind alleys. Even so, there is no real cause for concern. > However <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The more I talked the more silent Eliot became. However, I left thinking that I had created quite an impression. > In spite of this <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">My father always had poor health. In spite of this, he was always cheerful. > Nevertheless <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He had not slept that night. Nevertheless, he led the rally with his usual vigour. > On the contrary <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">I have never been an enemy of monarchy. On the contrary, I consider monarchies essential for the well-being of new nations. > On the other hand <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">John had great difficulties playing cricket. But on the other hand, he was an awfully good rugby player. > Still <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He's treated you badly. Still he's your brother and you should help him. > Yet <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Everything around him was blown to pieces, yet the minister escaped without a scratch.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">4. Cause/effect
> Accordingly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">She complained of stiffness in her joints. Accordingly she was admitted to hospital for further tests. > As a consequence <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The red cross has not been allowed to inspect the camps, and as a consequence little is known about them. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The Cold War has ended. As a consequence the two major world powers have been able to reduce their arms budgets dramatically. > As a result <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Many roads are flooded. As a result there are long delays. > Because <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Because these were the only films we'd seen of these people, we got the impression that they did nothing else but dance to classical music. > Because of this <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The cost of running the club has increased. Because of this, we must ask our members to contribute more each week. > Consequently <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Japan has a massive trade surplus with the rest of the world. Consequently it can afford to give more money to the Third World. > For this reason <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The traffic was very heavy. For this reason he was late. > Hence <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The computer has become smaller and cheaper and hence more available to a greater number of people. > In consequence <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The fastest these animals can run is about 65 kph and in consequence their hunting methods have to be very efficient indeed. > In order that <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">They are learning English in order that they can study a particular subject. > In order to <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He had to hurry in order to reach the next place on this schedule. > Owing to this <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The rain was terrible. Owing to this, the match was cancelled. > So <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He speaks very little English, so I talked to him through an interpreter. > So that <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">You take some of the honey and replace it with sugar so that the bees have something to eat. > Therefore <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">I'm not a member of the Church of England myself. Therefore it would be rather impertinent of me to express an opinion. > Thus <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">If I am to accept certain limitations on my freedom, I must be assured that others are accepting the same restraints. Thus, an incomes policy has to be controlled if it is to be effective.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">5. Example
> For example <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Many countries are threatened by earthquakes. For example, Mexico and Japan have large ones this century. > For instance <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Not all prices have increased so dramatically. Compare, for instance, the price of oil in 1980 and the price now. > Such as <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">There are many reasons why the invasion failed, such as the lack of proper food and the shortage of ammunition. > Thus <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Plants as well as stones can be charms. The Guyana Indians have many plant charms, each one helping to catch a certain kind of animal. The leaves of the plant usually look like the animal it is supposed to help to catch. Thus the charm for catching deer has a leaf which looks like deer horns.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">6. Generalisation
> As a rule <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> As a general rule, the less important tan executive is, the more status-conscious he is likely to be. > For the most part <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The New Guinea forest is, for the most part, dark and wet. > In general <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The industrial processes, in general, are based on man-made processes. > Normally <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Meetings are normally held three or four times a year. > On the whole <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">One or two were all right but on the whole I used to hate going to lectures. > Usually <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">She usually found it easy to go to sleep at night.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">7. Stating the obvious
> As one might expect <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">There are, as one might expect, several other methods for carrying out the research. > After all <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">They did not expect heavy losses in the air. After al l they had superb aircraft. > Clearly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Clearly, there is no point in continuing this investigation until we have more evidence. > It goes without saying <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> It goes without saying that I am grateful for all your help. > Naturally <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Naturally, publishers are hesitant about committing large sums of money to such a risky project. > Obviously <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Obviously, I don't need to say how important this project is. > Of course <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">There is of course an element of truth in this argument. > Surely <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">In defining an ideology, the claims which seek to legitimate political and social authority are surely as important as the notion of authority itself.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">8. Attitude
> Admittedly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Admittedly, economists often disagree among each other. > Certainly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Ellie was certainly a student at the university but I'm not sure about her brother. > Fortunately <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Fortunately such occurrences are fairly rare. > Luckily <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Luckily, Saturday was a fine day. > Oddly enough <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Oddly enough, it was through him that I met Carson. > Strangely enough <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">It has, strangely enough, only recently been discovered. > Undoubtedly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Undoubtedly, many families are victims of bad housing. > Unfortunately <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He couldn't wait to tell Judy. Unfortunately, she had already left for work.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">9. Summary/conclusion
> Finally <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Let's come finally to the question of pensions. > In brief <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> In brief then, do you two want to join me? > In conclusion <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> In conclusion, let me suggest a number of practical applications. > In short <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> In short, the report says more money should be spent on education. > Overall <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Overall, imports account for half our stock. > So <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> So if a woman did leave the home, she was only supposed to concern herself with matters pertaining to domestic life. > Then <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The importance of education, then, has been infinitely greater than in previous centuries. > To conclude <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> To conclude, I'd like to say thank you to everyone who has worked so hard to make this conference possible. > To sum up <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> To sum up, we cannot hope for greater success unless we identify our needs clearly.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">10. Explanation/equivalence
> In other words <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> In other words, although the act of donating blood would increase the chances of the donor dying, this increase was small compared with the increase in the recipient's chances of surviving. > Namely <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He could not do any thing more than what he had promised - namely, to look after Charlotte's estate. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">... three famous physicists, namely, Simon, Kurte and Mendelsohn. > Or rather <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The account here offered is meant as a beginning of an answer to that question. Or rather it contributes by setting the question in a certain way. > That is to say <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The Romans left Britain in 410 AD - that is to say England was a Roman dependency for nearly 500 years. > This means <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">With syphilis and gonorrhoea, the ages are also recorded, and this means that an accurate map of disease prevalence can be drawn and any trends or changes can be recognized very quickly. > To be more precise <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">These reforms of Justinian in AD 529 proclaim that they are "imposing a single nature" on trusts and legacies or, to be more precise, imposing it on legatees and trust beneficiaries. > To put it another way <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">He was being held there against his will. To put it another way, he was a prisoner.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">11. Addition
> Also <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease. > Apart from this <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Eccleshall and Honderich find common cause in a desire to establish the ideological nature of Conservative thought, but apart from this their approaches to the study of Conservativism are very different. > As well as <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Marx and Engels, as well as many of their contemporaries, believed that pastoralism predated agriculture. > Besides <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> Besides being good test cases, Locke obviously finds these ideas intrinsically interesting too. > Furthermore <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Computer chess games are still a bit expensive, but they are getting cheaper all the time. Furthermore their chess-playing strength is rising. > In addition <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Our survey will produce the essential statistics. In addition, it will provide information about people's shopping habits. > Moreover <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The drug has powerful side-effects. Moreover, it can be addictive. > Nor <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">I could not afford to eat in restaurants. Nor could anyone I knew. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">I couldn't understand a word they said, nor could they understand me. > Not only...but also <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Meissner was not only commander of the army but also a close friend of the President. > Too <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Evans was not only our doctor. He was a friend too. > What is more <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> What is more, more machines will mean fewer jobs.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">12. Condition
> In that case <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Of course the experiment may fail and in that case we will have to start again. > Then <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Sometimes the computer system breaks down. Then you'll have to work on paper.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">13. Support
> As a matter of fact <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The company is doing very well. As a matter of fact, we have doubled our sales budget. > In fact <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The winter of 1940 was extremely bad. In fact most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. > Indeed <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">This act has failed to bring women's earnings up to the same level. Indeed the gulf is widening. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">They continue to work throughout their short life. Indeed it is overwork which eventually kills them.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">14. Contradiction
> Actually <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">There are many stories which describe wolves as dangerous, blood thirsty animals, but actually they prefer to avoid human beings. > In fact <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">I thought he could speak the language fluently. In fact, that wasn't the case at all.

<span style="color: #330066; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">15. Emphasis
> Chiefly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">How quickly you recover from an operation chiefly depends on your general state of health. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The experiment was not a success, chiefly because the machine tools were of poor quality. > Especially <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">They don't trust anyone, especially people in our position. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">I'm not attracted to Sociology, especially the way it's taught here. > In detail <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The implications of this theory are examined in detail in chapter 12. > In particular <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;"> In particular, he was criticised for pursuing a policy of conciliation and reform. > Mainly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The political group will have more power, mainly because of their large numbers. > Notably <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Some people, notably his business associates, had learned to ignore his moods. > <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">The organisation had many enemies, most notably among feminists. > Particularly <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 18px;">Many animal sources of protein are also good sources of iron. Particularly useful are liver, kidney, heart, beef, sardines, pilchards (red fish generally), and shellfish, including mussels and cockles. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> Exercise 10, Exercise 11 & Exercise 12